10th BRICS SUMMIT - JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA (2018)
BACKGROUND
BRICS is made up of a Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa. The group was formed initially with just four nations Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC).
In 2010, China and the chair of the group invited South Africa to join BRIC.
The group was renamed BRICS - with the "S" standing for South Africa. In 2011, President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma attended the 2011 BRICS Summit in China as a full member ( That was third BRICS Summit).
WHY ONLY THESE COUNTRIES
According to thesis proposed by Jim O'Neill, , global economist at Goldman Sachs, the economic potential of these countries such that they could be among the four most dominant economies by 2050.
WHAT HAPPENED NOW
Recently 10th SUMMIT of BRICS Happened, in Johnnesburg, South Africa
The head of the state and government of all Five BRICS nations convened(Bring together for a meeting).
BRAZIL - Michel Temer, President (Head of State and Government).
RUSSIA - Vladimir Putin,President (Head of State)
INDIA - Narendra Modi, Prime Minister (Head of the Government).
CHINA - Xi Jinping, President (Head of the State)
SOUTH AFRICA - Cyril, Ramaphosa, president (Head of the State and Government)
Theme of the 10th BRICS SUMMIT
"BRICS in AFRICA: Collaboration for inclusive growth and Shared Prosperity in the fourth Industrial Revolution"
Basically Theme is of Fourth Industrial Revolution.
FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION -
4th Industrial Revolution means -
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Autonomous Vehicles
3D printer
Blockchain
Nanotechnology
Biotechnology
BRICS BANK or NDW (New Development Bank)
New Development Bank is an initiative and established by BRICS states. the bank shall support public or private projects through loan.
Every nation has 20% share.
So, In 10th BRICS Summit, They decided to provide $300 Million loan to South Africa.
INDIA DRIVEN GOLD MINING PROJECT IN RUSSIA PRAISED AT BRICS
SUMMIT
There is a place 'Siberia' in Russia - Siberia has many Gold Reserve. As Siberia is very Cold Region. So Mining is difficult.
Now, All BRICS Countries come together and start first Gold Mining Project in Siberia.
The Name of the Project is - "Kluchevskoye Gold Mining Project"
initiated by India's Sun Gold Limited
And China National Gold - Chinese Company Provide Finance.
WHO ALL PARTICIPATED IN BRICS OUTREACH SUMMIT
Many Other African countries ( which are not part of BRICS) participated in BRICS Outreach Summit include Rwanda, Uganda, Ethiopia etc.
Along with this Turkey and Argentina President also participated.
JOHANNESBURG DECLARATION
So, After the discussion on various international and regional issues of common concern. They adopted the 'Johannesburg Declaration' by consensus (general agreement). Below are few points:
Sustainable Development : The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to fully implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Climate Change : They all Support Paris Climate agreement , which recently U.S withdraws itself.
Agriculture : The leaders affirmed their support for the establishment of the BRICS agricultural Research Platform initiated by India in 2016.
Population : The leaders expressed commitment to the continued implementation of the Agenda for BRICS cooperation on population matters 2015-2020, which was agreed to by the Ministers responsible for Population Matters in 2014.
As Every BRICS Nation has different problem in terms of Population. Example: India has more population.
Russia has less and they suggest to increase population to their people But Russian only want one child.
So, Every Nation has different problem in Population area.
Terrorism : The leaders condemn the terrorist attacks. They recalled the responsibility of all the states to prevent financing of terrorist networks and terrorist actions from their territories.
Israel-Palestine Crisis : The leaders mentions some zone like Israel/Palestine, Afghanistan, Arabian Gulf Sea, North Africa as area of concern.
Arms Race in Outer Space : The leaders expressed serious concern about the possibility of an arms race in outer space.
As some times ago, US mentioned that they will create Arms in Outer Space. (Space force along with Air Force) .
Trade War : mention 'Open World Economy' which they want that benefits all nations and they want these tariffs should remove.(Indirectly They condemn the Trade war Policy by US)
For More info you can access below links:-
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/indian-driven-gold-mining-project-in-russia-praised-at-brics-summit-2769361.html
https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/brics-summit-2018-held-1532510234-1
BRICS is made up of a Brazil, Russia, India, China & South Africa. The group was formed initially with just four nations Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC).
In 2010, China and the chair of the group invited South Africa to join BRIC.
The group was renamed BRICS - with the "S" standing for South Africa. In 2011, President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma attended the 2011 BRICS Summit in China as a full member ( That was third BRICS Summit).
WHY ONLY THESE COUNTRIES
According to thesis proposed by Jim O'Neill, , global economist at Goldman Sachs, the economic potential of these countries such that they could be among the four most dominant economies by 2050.
WHAT HAPPENED NOW
Recently 10th SUMMIT of BRICS Happened, in Johnnesburg, South Africa
The head of the state and government of all Five BRICS nations convened(Bring together for a meeting).
BRAZIL - Michel Temer, President (Head of State and Government).
RUSSIA - Vladimir Putin,President (Head of State)
INDIA - Narendra Modi, Prime Minister (Head of the Government).
CHINA - Xi Jinping, President (Head of the State)
SOUTH AFRICA - Cyril, Ramaphosa, president (Head of the State and Government)
Theme of the 10th BRICS SUMMIT
"BRICS in AFRICA: Collaboration for inclusive growth and Shared Prosperity in the fourth Industrial Revolution"
Basically Theme is of Fourth Industrial Revolution.
FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION -
4th Industrial Revolution means -
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Autonomous Vehicles
3D printer
Blockchain
Nanotechnology
Biotechnology
BRICS BANK or NDW (New Development Bank)
New Development Bank is an initiative and established by BRICS states. the bank shall support public or private projects through loan.
Every nation has 20% share.
So, In 10th BRICS Summit, They decided to provide $300 Million loan to South Africa.
INDIA DRIVEN GOLD MINING PROJECT IN RUSSIA PRAISED AT BRICS
SUMMIT
There is a place 'Siberia' in Russia - Siberia has many Gold Reserve. As Siberia is very Cold Region. So Mining is difficult.
Now, All BRICS Countries come together and start first Gold Mining Project in Siberia.
The Name of the Project is - "Kluchevskoye Gold Mining Project"
initiated by India's Sun Gold Limited
And China National Gold - Chinese Company Provide Finance.
WHO ALL PARTICIPATED IN BRICS OUTREACH SUMMIT
Many Other African countries ( which are not part of BRICS) participated in BRICS Outreach Summit include Rwanda, Uganda, Ethiopia etc.
Along with this Turkey and Argentina President also participated.
JOHANNESBURG DECLARATION
So, After the discussion on various international and regional issues of common concern. They adopted the 'Johannesburg Declaration' by consensus (general agreement). Below are few points:
Sustainable Development : The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to fully implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Climate Change : They all Support Paris Climate agreement , which recently U.S withdraws itself.
Agriculture : The leaders affirmed their support for the establishment of the BRICS agricultural Research Platform initiated by India in 2016.
Population : The leaders expressed commitment to the continued implementation of the Agenda for BRICS cooperation on population matters 2015-2020, which was agreed to by the Ministers responsible for Population Matters in 2014.
As Every BRICS Nation has different problem in terms of Population. Example: India has more population.
Russia has less and they suggest to increase population to their people But Russian only want one child.
So, Every Nation has different problem in Population area.
Terrorism : The leaders condemn the terrorist attacks. They recalled the responsibility of all the states to prevent financing of terrorist networks and terrorist actions from their territories.
Israel-Palestine Crisis : The leaders mentions some zone like Israel/Palestine, Afghanistan, Arabian Gulf Sea, North Africa as area of concern.
Arms Race in Outer Space : The leaders expressed serious concern about the possibility of an arms race in outer space.
As some times ago, US mentioned that they will create Arms in Outer Space. (Space force along with Air Force) .
Trade War : mention 'Open World Economy' which they want that benefits all nations and they want these tariffs should remove.(Indirectly They condemn the Trade war Policy by US)
For More info you can access below links:-
https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/indian-driven-gold-mining-project-in-russia-praised-at-brics-summit-2769361.html
https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/brics-summit-2018-held-1532510234-1
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